Lake Tanganyika is the second oldest and second deepest freshwater lake in the world, located in East Africa. It is bordered by four countries: Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and Zambia. The lake is known for its high levels of biodiversity, with over 350 species of fish found in its waters, most of which are endemic to the lake. Research in Lake Tanganyika focuses on understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that have led to such high levels of biodiversity, as well as the conservation efforts needed to protect this unique ecosystem. Scientists study the interactions between different species, the impact of human activities on the lake, and the effects of climate change on the region. Overall, research in Lake Tanganyika plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of freshwater ecosystems and the conservation of biodiversity in the region.